【考研英语】【阅览精翻】2002年第二篇阅览

2002年text2
paragraph1
1. since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty.
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since the dawn of human ingenuity（状语）,?people（主语）?have devised（谓语）?ever more cunning tools（宾语）?to cope with work（状语）?that（that引导的定语从句润饰work）?is（从句谓语）?dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty（从句表语）.
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dawn ??n.初步
ingenuity ??n.创造力，心灵手巧
cunning ??adj.?奇妙的
cope ?with ?处置，唐塞
plain ??adj.清楚的，理解的
nasty ??adj.龌龊的，令人厌烦的
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翻译：自从我们初步有了创造力，就现已方案出了许多奇妙的东西， 我们去做那些风险的，无聊的，担负重的或许只是脏的作业。
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2. that compulsion has resulted in robotics — the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines.?
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that?compulsion（主语）?has resulted in（谓语）?robotics（宾语）?– the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines（弥补阐明robotics）.?
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compulsion ??n.强行，推进力
robotics ??n.机器人
confer ??v.公布
various ??adj.多种多样的
capability ??n.才能
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翻译：这个推进力现已发生了机器人学–一门将人类的才能赋予给机器的科学。
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3. and if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.
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and if（if引导的状语从句）?scientists（从句主句）?have yet to create（从句谓语）?the mechanical version（从句宾语）?of science fiction（定语润饰version）,?they（主语）?have begun?（谓语）to come close（宾语）.
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have yet to ?没有，还未
version ??n.变体，版别
fiction ??n.小说，虚拟
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翻译：尽管科学家们还没有创造出科学小说中的机器，可是他们现已初步接近了。
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paragraph2
1.?as a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor.?
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as a result（刺进语）,?the modern world（主语）?is increasingly populated（谓语）?by intelligent gizmos（by引导动作宣告者）?whose（whose引导的定语从句润饰gizmos）?presence（从句主语）?we barely notice（从句谓语）?but（引导的并排句）?whose（whose引导的并排定语从句润饰gizmos）?universal existence（从句主语）?has removed（从句谓语）?much human labor（从句宾语）.
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populate ??v.占有，出产，搬场
intelligent ?adj.智能的
gizmo ???n.小设备，小玩意
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翻译：由此得出的成果是，现代世界现已有了许多智能的小设备，尽管咱们很少留心到他们的存在，可是他们的广泛存在现已解放了许多人的劳作力。
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2. our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms.?
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our factories（主语）?hum（谓语）?to the rhythm of robot assembly arms（状语）.?
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hum ??v.宣告嗡嗡声
rhythm ??n.节奏
assembly ??n.设备，设备，拼装
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翻译：咱们的工厂跟着机器人的机械臂的节奏宣告嗡嗡声。
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3. our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction.?
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our banking（主语）?is done（谓语）?at automated teller terminals（状语）?that（that引导的定语从句润饰terminals）?thank（从句谓语）?us（从句宾语）?with mechanical politeness for the transaction（状语）.?
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teller ??n.银行出纳员
terminal ???n.终端
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翻译：咱们的银职事务都在主动的货台终端上处置，而且它会用机械化的声响带着礼貌谢谢你进行这个生意。
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4. our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers.?
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our subway trains（主语）?are controlled（谓语）?by tireless robot-drivers（by引导动作宣告者）.?
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翻译：咱们的地铁是由这个永久不会疲倦的机器人司机开的。
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5. and thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy — far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.
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and thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics（状语）, there?are【there be句型】（谓语）?already?robot systems（主语）?that（that引导的定语从句润饰systems）?can perform（从句谓语）?some kinds of brain and bone surgery?（从句宾语）with submillimeter accuracy（从句状语）?– far greater precision（弥补阐明accuracy）?than（than引导的定语从句润饰precision）?highly?skilled physicians（从句主语）?can achieve（从句谓语）?with their hands alone（从句状语）.
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thank to ??幸而，因为
miniaturization ??n.小型化
submillimeter ??n.亚毫米
accuracy ??n.精确度
precision ??n.精确，精密
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翻译：幸而了电子元件和显微机器的不断小型化，现已发生了可以带着亚毫米的精确度进行脑科和骨科手术的机器人体系，这个精确度是远高于技巧熟练的医生单凭手可以结束的精确度的。
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paragraph3
1.?but if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves — goals that pose a real challenge.?
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but if（if引导的状语从句）?robots（从句主语）?are（从句谓语）?to reach the next stage（从句表语）?of laborsaving utility（定语润饰stage）,?they（主语）?will have to operate（谓语）?with less human supervision（状语）?and（and引导的并排句）?be able to make（谓语）?at least a few decisions（宾语）?for themselves（状语）?– goals（弥补阐明语句主语）?that（that引导的定语从句润饰goals）?pose（从句谓语）?a real challenge（从句宾语）.?
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laborsaving ??adj.节约劳力的
utility ???n.有用，功效
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翻译：可是假定，机器人是方案进入到解放劳作力的下一期间，他们将不得不在更少的人类监督下运营，而且至少需要可以自个做一些抉择，–这个方针真的是一个应战。
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2.?“while we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says dave lavery, manager of a robotics program at nasa, “we can’t yet give a robot enough ‘common sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”
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“while（while引导的状语从句）?we（从句主语）?know（从句谓语）?how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,”?says（谓语）?dave lavery（主语）, manager of a robotics program at nasa（dl的同位语）, “we（主语）?can’t yet give（谓语）?a robot（宾语1）?enough ‘common sense’（宾语2）?to（表动作意图）?reliably interact with a dynamic world（状语）.”
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common sense ??常识
reliably ??adv.可靠地
interact ??v.彼此作用
dynamic ??adj.动态的，改变的
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翻译：dl，美国航天局一个机器人学的项意图司理，他说，“尽管咱们晓得如何告诉一个机器人去向置一个具体的差错，可是咱们还不可以给一个机器人满足的“常识”让它可以可靠的跟这个世界进行互动。
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paragraph4
1. indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results.?
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indeed（刺进语）?the quest（主语）?for true artificial intelligence（定语润饰quest）?has produced（谓语）?very mixed results（宾语）.
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indeed ??adv.实践上，切当说来
artificial ??adj.人工的，组成的
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翻译：实践来说，关于真实的人工智能的探究现已发生了非常凌乱的成果。
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2. despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.
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despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s（状语）?when（when引导的时刻状语）?it（从句的方法主语）?appeared（从句谓语）?that（that引导的主语从句）?transistor circuits and?microprocessors（从句主语）?might be able to copy（从句谓语）?the action（从句宾语）?of the human brain（定语润饰action）?by the year 2010（状语）,?researchers（主语）?lately?have begun?（谓语）to extend that forecast（宾语）?by decades if not centuries（状语）.
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a spell of ??一段时刻短的时刻
initial ???adj.开始的，初步的
optimism ??n.旷达
transistor ??n.晶体管
circuits ??n.回路
if not ???假定不，否则的话
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翻译：尽管在1960年到1970年之间有过一段开始的旷达时期，其时晶体管电路和微处置器可以会在2010年完成仿制人类的大脑这个猜测呈现了，可是迩来的研讨者初步推迟这个猜测，十年甚至一百年。
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paragraph5
1. what they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented — and human perception far more complicated — than previously imagined.?
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what（what引导的主语从句）?they（从句主语）?found（从句谓语）, in attempting to model thought（刺进语）,?is（谓语）?that（that引导的表语从句）?the human brain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells（从句主语）?are（从句谓语）?much more talented（从句表语）?– and human perception far more complicated（刺进语）?– than（引导的状语从句）?previously?imagined（从句谓语）.?
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model ???n.模型，仿照
roughly ??adv.大概地，粗糙地
perception ???n.洞悉力
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翻译：在企图去仿照人类的思维时，他们发现了：人类的大脑近一千亿个神经细胞是愈加聪明的，人类的洞悉力远比早年愿望的要凌乱许多。
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2. they have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment.?
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they（主语）?have built（谓语）?robots（宾语）?that（that引导的定语从句润饰robots）?can recogni

ze（从句谓语）?the error（从句宾语）?of a machine panel（定语润饰error）?by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment（状语）.?
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fraction ??n.少量，一点儿
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翻译：他们现已创造出可以在控制着的工厂环境中辨认出仪器面板上的一公分支配的过失的机器人了。
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3.?but the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the m at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.
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but?the human mind（主语）?can glimpse（谓语）?a rapidly changing scene（宾语）?and（and联接的并排句）?immediately disregard（并排谓语）?the 98 percent（宾语）?that（that引导的定语从句润饰98%）?is（从句谓语）?irrelevant（从句表语）, instantaneously focusing on the m at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd（非谓语动词引导的状语，主体是一个m和一个face）.
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glimpse ??v.一瞥
disregard ??v.不睬睬，忽略
irrelevant ??adj.不有关的
instantaneously ???adv.马上地
winding ???adj.弯曲的，曲折的
suspicious ???adj.置疑的，可疑地
crowd ???n.人群，一伙人
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翻译：可是人类的大脑可以瞥一眼快速改动的场景然后当即忽略掉98%不相干的东西，然后集合在一个在弯曲的森林小路周围的山公或许在一大群人里边立马集合在一个单独的可疑地人的脸上。
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4.?the most advanced computer systems on earth can’t approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don’t know quite how we do it.
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the?most advanced computer systems（主语）?on earth（定语润饰system）?can’t approach（谓语）?that kind of ability（宾语）, and（and联接的并排句）?neuroscientists（主语）?still don’t know（谓语）?quite how（how引导的宾语从句）?we（从句主语）?do（从句谓语）?it（从句宾语）.
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neuroscientist ???n.神经科学家
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翻译：地球上最高档的最早进的电脑体系也不能抵达这种才能，而且神经科学家也不晓得咱们是如何做到的。
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