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原文期刊：《卫报》

? 原文标题：our society has lost the instinct for kindness

本文话题为社会风气，文章对英国社会失去“善”本性的现状进行了分析。它属于现象分析型文章，按照“指出现象——分析原因——提出建议”的脉络展开论述。

part 1

原文

ⅰas a society, we appear to have lost the instinct for kindness and the willingness to extend the hand of friendship. our responses to children, to older people, to strangers, are all?conditioned?by a concern not to offend and a fear of getting involved. our recent public?consultation?into the social evils of today highlights a real concern for the way in which society increasingly values people for their economic contribution, at the expense of kindness and?compassion.

ⅱsome blame the nature of regulation—while providing protection for some, it seems to have?intimidated?the majority. others feel there has been a general decline in values: individual advancement is seen as more significant than the ability to care for others. whatever the reasons, we are uncomfortable with the society we have created. the idea of the?common good?has been lost and britain today is experiencing a severe social?recession—the effects of which are far more?devastating?and long-lasting than any economic recession.

ⅲthere is, however, light at the end of this very dark tunnel. our study has shown that the people?are fed up with?the?status quo?and are hungry for change. so, how can we go about making the changes we need??

ⅳwe need to rediscover humanity in our communities.?solidarity?is a term little used today. yet across the country, people are taking on the challenge of climate change by working together to reduce their carbon footprints through recycling and growing and selling local produce. the same is true of those who help people in need, or who volunteer in hospitals and schools to make sure people in our communities are cared for and?nurtured.from?allotment?societies to arts centers, conservation groups to internet cafes, housing co-operatives to car clubs, civic society is showing itself to be adaptive and?resilient. it is demonstrating that solidarity is a product of a more serious, more engaged political discourse that is willing and able to respond to the challenges of the 21st century.?

ⅴclosely associated with this is the notion of?hospitality,?and the desire to create a world that is genuinely hospitable. a hospitable world is one that is a good steward of the earth, able to ration in the interests of generosity, not?raid?in the pursuit of greed. it is a world in which the stranger is welcomed, the weak are supported and?the?dispossessed?are empowered. and finally there is?civility—the generosity of spirit which allows for kindness, and politeness, that embraces difference without fear, and that genuinely sees an equality between people. civility is at the core of an active, vibrant and welcoming society.

ⅵwithout fear of being?nostalgic, it is time to?reclaim?these values—the future of our society depends on them.

part 2

词汇短语

1.condition [k?n?d??n] v. 对……具有重要影响

2.consultation?[?k?nsl?te??n] n. 咨询

3.compassion?[k?m?p??n]?n. 同情，怜悯

4.intimidate?[?n?t?m?de?t]?v. 威胁，恐吓

5.common good n. 公共利益

6.recession?[r??se?n] n. 衰退

7.devastating?[?dev?ste?t??]?a. 毁灭性的

8.be fed up with 厌烦……?

9.status quo n. 现状

10.solidarity [?s?l??d?r?ti]?n. 团结

11.nurture?[?n?:t??(r)]?v. 培养

12.hospitality [?h?sp??t?l?ti] n. 友好

13.the dispossessed (源于动词possess占有,拥有)被剥夺财产者

14.civility [s??v?l?ti] n. 文明

15.nostalgic?[n?’st?ld??k]?a. 怀旧的，过时的

16.reclaim?[r??kle?m] v. 收回

17.*allotment?[??l?tm?nt] n. 分配，份额

18.*resilient?[r??z?li?nt] a. 适应性强的，有复原能力的

19.*raid?[re?d] v. 劫掠，打劫

（标*的为超纲词）

part 3

翻译点评

ⅰas a society, we appear to have lost the instinct for kindness and the willingness to extend the hand of friendship. our responses to children, to older people, to strangers, are all?conditioned?by a concern not to offend and a fear of getting involved. our recent public?consultation?into the social evils of today highlights a real concern for the way in which society increasingly values people for their economic contribution, at the expense of kindness and?compassion.

翻译：作为一个社会，我们似乎已经丧失了“善”的本性和伸出友谊之手的意愿。我们因顾虑到可能冒犯他人或害怕牵涉其中，影响我们对儿童、老人、陌生人的态度。我们近期对当今社会丑恶现象的公众咨询显示人们真正顾虑的是社会对个人价值的评估方式：越来越多地以经济贡献的大小来评估一个人，不惜以牺牲善良和同情为代价。

点评：ⅰ段指出现象：英国社会已失去善的本性。其中关键词有：kindness(善)。衔接手段 ①首句中kindness，willingness，friendship的近义复现突出本文论述的主题词：善良；②第二句中our responses 呼应首句的we，实现句间衔接；a concern not to offend and a fear of getting involved与首句have lost the instinct for kindness and the willingness to extend the hand of friendship为近义表达，再次突出善良沦丧的主题；③末句a real concern呼应第二句的a concern，从而揭示善良沦丧的真正原因：以经济贡献大小来衡量个人价值的标准。

ⅱsome blame the nature of regulation—while providing protection for some, it seems to have?intimidated?the majority. others feel there has been a general decline in values: individual advancement is seen as more significant than the ability to care for others. whatever the reasons, we are uncomfortable with the society we have created. the idea of the?common good?has been lo

st and britain today is experiencing a severe social?recession—the effects of which are far more?devastating?and long-lasting than any economic recession.

翻译：有人把矛头指向制度的本质——它在保护一部分人的同时，似乎对大多数人造成了威胁。还有人认为，价值观已经整体沦丧了：个人发展被看得比关爱他人的能力更重要。无论原因是什么，我们确实对自己一手创造的这个社会感到不安。共同利益的观念已不复存在，如今的英国正经历着严重的社会倒退，其后果远比任何经济衰退更具毁灭性，也更持久。

点评：ⅱ段进一步分析善良沦丧的原因及危害。其中关键词有：①nature of regulation(制度的本质)；②decline in values(价值观的衰落)；③social recession(社会倒退)。衔接手段 ①首句的blame表明与首段的顺接关系，intimidated the majority呼应上段的a fear of getting involved；②前两句之间some与others并列，引出善良沦丧的两个原因：一，制度的本质；二，价值观的总体衰落；③第三句whatever the reasons总结前两句列举的原因，指出不管何种原因，其严重后果已经开始显现；④末句的common good has been lost重复首段的lost the instinct for kindness，and后明确指出其后果：整个社会正在倒退。

ⅲthere is, however, light at the end of this very dark tunnel. our study has shown that the people?are fed up with?the?status quo?and are hungry for change. so, how can we go about making the changes we need??

翻译：但是，黑暗隧道的尽头还有一线光亮。我们的研究表明人们厌倦了现状，并渴望有所改变。那么，我们该如何做出我们需要的改变？

点评：ⅲ段转而指出改变现状的希望之光。其中关键词有：①light(希望之光)；②hungry for change(渴望改变)。衔接手段 ①首句的however与上文形成转折，this very dark tunnel指代前文描述的价值观衰落，社会倒退的现实，light与dark鲜明对比：一缕希望之光开始隐现；②our study呼应首段的our recent public consultation，借用研究结果说明上句所言希望之光的内容：人们渴望改变现状；③末句的so是对上句的顺接递进，进一步追问：如何改变现状？

ⅳwe need to rediscover humanity in our communities.?solidarity?is a term little used today. yet across the country, people are taking on the challenge of climate change by working together to reduce their carbon footprints through recycling and growing and selling local produce. the same is true of those who help people in need, or who volunteer in hospitals and schools to make sure people in our communities are cared for and?nurtured.from?allotment?societies to arts centers, conservation groups to internet cafes, housing co-operatives to car clubs, civic society is showing itself to be adaptive and?resilient. it is demonstrating that solidarity is a product of a more serious, more engaged political discourse that is willing and able to respond to the challenges of the 21st century.?

翻译：我们需要重新发现社区中的人道。团结这个字眼如今已经很少用了。但举国上下，人们在同心协力地通过回收、种植和销售当地农产品来减少他们的碳足迹，应对气候变化的挑战。同是如此，还有人尽力 助那些处于困境的人，有人在医院和学校志愿服务，以确保社区里的人们得到关心和照料。从分派社团到艺术中心，从环保小组到网络咖啡厅，从住宅合作社到汽车俱乐部，公民社会显示着它自己的适应性和复原能力。它表明团结是一个更为严肃和更有立场的，愿意并能够迎接21世纪挑战的政治话语的产物。?

点评：ⅳ段论证当今社会尚存团结精神。其中关键词有：①rediscover humanity(重新发现人道)；②solidarity(团结)。衔接手段 ①首句的we need to…呼应上段末的how，指出改变现状需要重新发现社会中的人道主义，开启下文对人道主义之一“团结”的论述；②第三句的yet对上句转折：尽管“团结”一词现在很少使用，但不可否认当今社会中团结精神仍然存在；③第三、四句通过the same is true衔接，论证团结精神的存在；④第五句from…to…, …to…, …to…连接的六个并列成分均为civic society的下义词，adaptive and resilient及末句的willing and able to respond呼应第三段的fed up with the status quo and are hungry for change，描绘了举国上下正在形成一种你行我效、团结一致、众志成城的局面。

ⅴclosely associated with this is the notion of?hospitality,?and the desire to create a world that is genuinely hospitable. a hospitable world is one that is a good steward of the earth, able to ration in the interests of generosity, not?raid?in the pursuit of greed. it is a world in which the stranger is welcomed, the weak are supported and?the?dispossessed?are empowered. and finally there is?civility—the generosity of spirit which allows for kindness, and politeness, that embraces difference without fear, and that genuinely sees an equality between people. civility is at the core of an active, vibrant and welcoming society.

翻译：与此密切相关的是“友好”的观念，以及创造一个真正友好的世界的愿望。友好的世界是地球的好管家，它能够为了慷慨而施行配给，不会为了追求贪婪而掠夺。在这样一个世界里，陌生人受到欢迎，弱者得到援助，被剥夺财产者也能掌握自己的命运。最后，还有文明。这是一种精神上的慷慨，它包含善良和礼貌，能无所畏惧地接受差异，真诚看待人与人之间的平等。文明是一个积极向上、生机勃勃、热情友善的社会的核心。

点评：ⅴ段介绍人道主义的另外两个方面：友好和文明。其中关键词有：①hospitality(友好)；②civility(文明)。衔接手段 ①首句的this指代上段的solidarity，实现段间的衔接；段中间通过and finally表明段内层次；②前半段hospitality，hospitable重复出现，后半段内civility的近义词语generosity，kindness，politeness，active, vibrant and welcoming复现，共同刻画了一个热情友爱、互 互助、文明向上、人人平等的美好社会。

ⅵwithout fear of being?nostalgic, it is time to?reclaim?these values—the future of our society depends on them.

翻译：不用担心怀旧的问题，现在是时候重拾这些价值了——它们是我们的社会未来之依托。

点评：ⅵ段总结全文，重申回归传统价值观的重要性。其中关键词有：reclaim values(重拾传统价值观)。衔接手段 these values回指上文介绍的solidarity，hospitality，civility等传统价值观；fear of being nostalgic回指首段描述的传统品德的沦丧，reclaim呼应第四段的rediscover，全文结构浑然一体。

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