原标题：如何高分打破2021考研英语阅览54

作者自创：葛天命 tony

今日我以 “2021年英语二” 的一篇真题阅览为例，带领我们进行“第一战线精读精研”，偏重于文法/文章之法；英语一与英语二的阅览真题都要读懂、读透彻，不管你要考英语一仍是英语二。请我们先把下面的原文通读一遍，时刻设定为3-5分钟，然后再看说明。

2021 text 4

amold schwarzenegger, dia mirza and adrian grenier have a message for you: it’s easy to beat plastic. they’re part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for world environment day-encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.

the key messages that have been put together for world environment day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. but the overarching message is directed at individuals.

my concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. on their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. they could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have “done our bit” without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions—a kind of “moral licensing” that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.

while the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “ citizens” hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.

it’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s. we shouldn’t expect it to be. in her latest book, why good people do bad environmental things, wellesley college professor elizabeth r. desombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.

this might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. india has just announced it will “eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” there are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.

desombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. it’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.

none of this is about writing off the individual. it’s just about putting things into perspective. we don’t have time to wait. we need progressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in polluting businesses), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.

说明

2021 text 4

amold schwarzenegger, dia mirza and adrian grenier have a message for you: it’s easy to beat plastic. they’re part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for world environment day-encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.

? 第一段 一些名人为“世界环境日”拍照宣传片，鼓舞我们替换一次性吸管、餐具等塑料制品。

the key messages that have been put together for world environment day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. but the overarching message is directed at individuals.

? 第二段 作者评价：“世界环境日”传递的信息和呼唤首要是关于个别。

my concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. on their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. they could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have “done our bit” without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions—a kind of “moral licensing” that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.

? 第三段 作者观念：自个关于环保做到啥程度的知道是有限滴。

while the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “citizens” hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.

? 第四段 作者观念：自个集体忽略了政府和工业界大约担任体系性改动而维护环境。

it’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s. we shouldn’t expect it to be. in her latest book, why good people do bad environmental things. wellesley college professor elizabeth r. desombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.

? 第五段 引证专家ed的观念：经过规划性改造来改动群众的行为，推进环保。

this might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. india has just announced it will “eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” there are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.

? 第六段 举例阐明规划性的改造。

desombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. it’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to chan

ging widespread behavior.

? 第七段 持续弥补阐明专家ed的观念：个别大约关怀环保，但个另外行为却无法致使群众广泛行为的改动。

none of this is about writing off the individual. it’s just about putting things into perspective. we don’t have time to wait. we need progressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in polluting businesses), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.

? 第8段 总结归纳：政府要起主导作用，加速捆绑塑料制品污染；个别要活泼推进改造。

? 文章主题：一次性塑料制品污染与处置方案

? 主题规划：典型的 “疑问-处置”型

塑料制品污染-当前处置方案的缺陷-提出处置方案主见

? 文章体裁：阐明+论说文

? 文章体裁：日子大领域/塑料制品污染+政治法令大领域/政府行为

环保塑料制品