#考研英语孔玮[超话]#@孔玮教师@Bree-to-b…来自汤汤就是汤汤…
??今日就为我们带来考研英语翻译8大技巧!
1. 重译法(repetition)
在翻译中,有时为了忠诚于原文,不得不重复某些词语,否则就不能忠诚表达原文的意思。重译法有如下三高文用:一是为了清楚;二是为了偏重;三是为了生动。
we have advocated the principle of peaceful coexistence, which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of asia and africa.
译文:咱们建议平缓同处的原则,这项原则在广大亚非国家越来越受等待。
2. 增译法(amplification)
为了使译文忠诚地表达原文的意思与个性并使译文符合表达习气,有必要添加一些词语。
a new kind aircraft-small, cheap, pilotless -is attracting increasing attention.
译文:一种新式的飞机正越来越致使我们的留心——这种飞机体积不大,代价廉价,无人驾御。
3. 减译法(omission)
和其他悉数事物相同,翻译也是有增必有减。了解了增译法之后也就理解了减译法,它是增译法的不和。
these developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources.
译文:这些打开我国家地域广阔、人员许多、本钱丰厚。
4. 词类转译法(conversion)
在翻译时,因为两种言语在语法和习气表达上的差异,在保证原辞意思不变的情况下,译文有必要改动词类,这就是词类转译法,这种办法不只指词类的改动,而且还包括词类作用的改动和必定词序的改变。
(1) adj.→v.
the manager is grateful to the customers for their valuable suggestions.
译文:司理非常谢谢顾客提出的名贵主张。
(2) n.→adj.
in all this great serenity of ocean it is seldom that we espy so much as another ship.
译文:在这恬静的大海上,咱们可贵看见其他船舶。
还有其它词类转移的情况,这儿将不再逐个赘述,总之,词类转移要恪守忠诚与通畅的原则。
5. 词序调整法(inversion)
词序调整法的英语inversion一词,不能译成“倒译”、“倒译法”或“倒置词序”之类,否则简略和语法中的“倒装”概念相混杂。inversion作为一种翻译技巧,其意思为:翻译时对词序作必要或必不可以少的改动,并不只是朴实的倒置词序或倒装。
it was a keen disappointment that i had to postpone the visit which i had intended to pay to china in january.
译文:我正本方案一月份造访我国,后来不得不推迟,这使我深感绝望。
6. 正义反译,反义正译(negation)
negation在语法与翻译两个不一样学科中意义不尽相同。作为一种翻译技巧,它首要指在翻译实习中,为了使译文忠诚而符合言语习气地传达原文的意思,有时有必要把原文中的必定说法变成译文中的否定说法,或把原文中的否定说法变成译文中的必定说法。
(1) 需要正义反译的词和短语有:
deny 否决,否定→不给予
miss 错失→没赶上(交通东西);没听(看到)或没听(看懂)
live up to one’s expectations 不(没)孤负……的期望
divert attention from 将留心力从……移开→没有知道到
be absent 未到会,没来
far from 远非;完全不
final 究竟的→不可以改动的
idly 掉以轻心肠,无所事事地
be at a loss 不知所措
rather than/instead of 而不是
absent-minded 心猿意马的
but for 要不是;假定没有
the scientists made a solemn pledge at the conference, saying, “we’ll forever live up to what our party expects of us.”
译文:科学家在会上庄重立誓:“咱们绝不孤负党对咱们的期望。”
(2)需要反义正译的词汇是富含no或not的一些短语,如:
no less than 真实是;正如;不少于
no less…than 和……相同;不亚于
no other than 只需;正是
none other than (用以加强口气) 正是,恰恰是,不是别人,正是……
nothing but 只需(是);只不过
no choice but 别无选择,只(好)得
以及一些带有否定词缀的词,如:
unfold 打开,呈现
disappear 不见,失踪
carelessly 马粗心虎地,粗心肠
from the passage we learn that an invention will not benefit the inventor unless it is reduced to commercial practice.
译文:从这篇文章中咱们可以晓得:除非将创造转化为商业行为,否则创造者也没有收益。
7. 分译法(division)
分译法首要用于长句的翻译。为了使译文忠诚、易懂,有时不得不把一个长句译成两句或更多的语句。这是分译法的首要内容,此场所谓的语句不在于结束处用句号,而在于有无主谓规划,一般说来,富含一个主谓规划的言语有些就是一个语句。这种语句大是富含定语从句的语句,在英汉互译时,特别在英译汉中,如能将定语从句译成前置定语,则尽量避免其他译法;如译成前置定语不适合,一般是分译成另外一个独立的语句或另一种从句,如译成状语从句等。
it is obvious that his period in office was marked by steep rise in his country’s oil revenues and the beginning of a social-political crisis brought out by wide-scale misuse of the $25 billion a year earning from oil.
译文:在他任职时刻发生了两个严峻作业:一是国家石油收益的迅猛增加;二是每年250亿美元石油收益的大规模的乱用,引发了社会政治危机。
8. 语态改换法(the change of the voices)
这儿所说的语态是指主动语态和被逼语态,这两种语态在英汉两种言语中的运用情况是很纷歧样的,被逼语态的运用是科技文章的首要特征之一,其用法非常广泛。在汉语中,咱们可用“被、让、把、遭、换、使、由、遭到,为……所”等词来标明被逼。但在汉语中的被逼语态运用频率比英文要低得多。因而,在遇到被逼语态时,应遵从汉语的习气,如译成被逼语态不通,则译成主动语态。
(1)保存其被逼语
goodyear, an american, had been trying for years to find a way in which rubber could be made hard, non-sticky, and yet elastic.
译文:古德伊尔,美国人,多年来一向企图找到一种办法能让橡胶变得更硬、不粘黏,一起更有弹性。
(2)将被逼改为主动
① 翻译成汉语的无主语,假定被逼句不含by的话。
if bad weather is expected, the forecaster must be able to suggest another airport within the range of the aircraft where the weather will be suitable for landing.
译文:假定猜测到有恶劣气候,气候预告员有必要可以在该飞机的航程内提出另外一个气候条件合适降低的机场。
②将that引导的主语从句仍然译为宾语,但要加上表泛指的词语(如我们、我们、咱们等)做主语。如:
it is hoped that…
it is reported that…
it is said that…
it is supposed that…
it must be admitted that…
it must be pointed out that…
it is asserted that…
it is believed that…
it is well known that…
it will be said that…
it will be seen from this that…
it was told that…
i was told that…
it may be said…
it may be argued that…
留心:假定被逼规划既有曩昔分词又有by(或in, for)引导的介词短语,这时将动作的宣告者译
成主语。如:it is imagined by many that…
今日的共享就到这儿吧!????
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