原标题：2021年考研《英语二》真题及答案

2021年全国硕士研讨生入学共同考试英语(二)

section i use of english

directions:

read the following text. choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark a, b, c or d on the answer sheet. (10 points)

people have speculated for centuries about a future without work .today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again1 that technology be replacing human workers. some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by2 . a few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.

a different and not mutually exclusive3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one4 by purposelessness: without jobs to give their lives 5 ,people will simply become lazy and depressed.6 , today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. one gallup poll found that 20 percent of americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for7 americans. also, some research suggests that the8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. perhaps this is why many10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.

but it doesn’t11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. such visions are based on the12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. in the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says john danaher, a lecturer at the national university of ireland in galway.

these days, because leisure time is relatively16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional17 of their jobs. “when i come home from a hard day’s work, i often feel 18 ,” danaher says, adding, “in a world in which i don’t have to work, i might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for20 matters.

1.[a] boasting [b] denying [c] warning [d] ensuring

【答案】[c] warning

2.[a] inequality [b] instability [c] unreliability [d] uncertainty

【答案】[a] inequality

3.[a] policy [b]guideline [c] resolution [d] prediction

【答案】[d] prediction

4.[a] characterized [b]divided [c] balanced [d]measured

【答案】[a] characterized

5.[a] wisdom [b] meaning [c] glory [d] freedom

【答案】[b] meaning

6.[a] instead [b] indeed [c] thus [d] nevertheless

【答案】[b] indeed

7.[a] rich [b] urban [c]working [d] educated

【答案】[c] working

8.[a] explanation [b] requirement [c] compensation [d] substitute

【答案】[a] explanation

9.[a] under [b] beyond [c] alongside [d] among

【答案】[d] among

10.[a] leave behind [b] make up [c] worry about [d] set aside

【答案】[c] worry about

11.[a] statistically [b] occasionally [c] necessarily [d] economically

【答案】[c] necessarily

12.[a] chances [b] downsides [c] benefits [d] principles

【答案】[b] downsides

13.[a] absence [b] height [c] face [d] course

【答案】[a] absence

14.[a] disturb [b] restore [c] exclude [d] yield

【答案】[d] yield

15.[a] model [b] practice [c] virtue [d] hardship

【答案】[c] virtue

16.[a] tricky [b] lengthy [c] mysterious [d] scarce

【答案】[d] scarce

17.[a] demands [b] standards [c] qualities [d] threats

【答案】[a] demands

18.[a] ignored [b] tired [c] confused [d] starved

【答案】[b] tired

19.[a] off [b] against [c] behind [d] into

【答案】[d] into

20.[a] technological [b] professional [c] educational [d] interpersonal

【答案】[b] professional

section ii reading comprehension

part a

directions:

read the following four texts. answer the questions below each text by choosing a, b, c or d. mark your answers on the answer sheet. (40 points)

text 1

every saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. the parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the uk and more abroad. events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from andrew baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.

parkrun is succeeding where london’s olympic “legacy” is failing. ten years ago on monday, it was announced that the games of the 30th olympiad would be in london. planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. the population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. it has not happened. the number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012—but the general population was growing faster. worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. the opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. obesity has risen among adults and children. official retrospections continue as to why london 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” the success of parkrun offers answers.

parkun is not a race but a time trial: your only competitor is the clock. the ethos welcomes anybody. there is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. the olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. the dual aim was mixed up: the stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.

indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots”, concept as community sports associations. if there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. but successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. or at least not make them worse.

21. according to paragraph1, parkrun has .

[a] gained great popularity

[b] created many jobs

[c] strengthened community ties

[d] become an official festival

【答案】[a] gained great popularity

22. the author believes that london’s olympic“legacy” has failed to .

[a] boost population growth

[b] promote sport participation

[c] improve the city’s image

[d] increase sport hours in schools

【答案】[b] promote sport participation

23. parkrun is different from olympic games in that it .

[a] aims at discovering talents

[b] focuses on mass competition

[c] does not emphasize elitism

[d] does not attract first-timers

【答案】[c] does not emphasize elitism

24. with regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should .

[a] organize “grassroots” sports events

[b] supervise local sports associations

[c] increase funds for sports clubs

[d] invest in public sports facilities

【答案】[d] invest in public sports facilities

25. the author’s attitude to what uk governments have done for sports is .

[a] tolerant

[b] critical

[c] uncertain

[d] sympathetic

【答案】[b] critical

text 2

with so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says jenny radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. it makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. ”

radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. she found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. during a separate observation, she

saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.

infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist ed tronick in the 1970s. in it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; the child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says radesky.

on the other hand, tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “it’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. this can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.

26. according to jenny radesky, digital products are designed to ______.

[a] simplify routine matters

[b] absorb user attention

[c] better interpersonal relations

[d] increase work efficiency

【答案】[b] absorb user attention

27. radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______.

[a] takes away babies’ appetite

[b] distracts children’s attention

[c] slows down babies’ verbal development

[d] reduces mother-child communication

【答案】[d] reduces mother-child communication

28. radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.

[a] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions

[b] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange

[c] children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood

[d] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs

【答案】[d] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs

29. the oppressive ideology mentioned by tronick requires parents to_______.

[a] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies

[b] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year

[c] ensure constant interaction with their children

[d] remain concerned about kid’s use of screens

【答案】[c] ensure constant interaction with their children

30. according to tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.

[a] give their parents some free time

[b] make their parents more creative

[c] help them with their homework

[d] help them become more attentive

【答案】[a] give their parents some free time

31.【答案】c【解析】标题问的是大学结业生不选择间隔年缘由之一是啥。根据标题中的high-school和gap year和定位到第一段第一句话。这句话后边一句的after all可以晓得后边大约是说明理由了，after all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it?这句话是说假定我们秋天都上大学去了，你要是晚了一年看起来有点傻。这个语句平等于c选项中的feel strange to do differently from others，因而选c。

32.【答案】d【解析】根据标题中的study from the australia and us可以定位到第三段第一句话studies from the united states and australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not.。这句话清楚说了有间隔年的学生比没有的要好，好在预备和体现上。所以a：unrealistic和b：choosing career不对。第二句在体现好的更详尽当地上进行了描绘：preparing them for independence独立性, new responsibilities责任感 and environmental changes环境改变。紧随的破折号后总结说了这是 first-year students一大学学生 often struggle with the most常常有烦恼的。阐明最获益的是大学一大学学生，而整段都没提过financial burdens，所以c不对。而d中的pressure是对前面内容的归纳性描绘，因而答案是d。

33.【答案】a【解析】这题根据题干中给的信息，到第三段最终一句中去找答案，gap year experiences can…when it comes to adjusting to college…, making it easier to…rather than acclimation blunders.这个语句分两有些，逗号+making分词作状语，从功用上是说明弥补阐明前面半句，所以间隔年的优点是能协助重生调度习气大学，而不必忧虑acclimation 疑问，所以acclimation当然就是习气的意思了。因而a为正确答案。

34.【答案】d【解析】文章最终一段第一句说到了consider its financial impact on future academic choices。financial 对应题干中的save money，而academic choices学术选择可以打扫a和b。根据最终一段第三句…students…listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes.所以第一句中的academic choices指的就是转专业的事儿，因而选d。

35.【答案】a【解析】第二段第一句话but while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.就用but句阐明晰全文就是想说间隔年你值得具有。而选项中只需a选项in favor of是持正面活泼情绪的，因而选a。

36.【答案】b【解析】本标题是缘由细节题。根据题干的要害词wildfires和national concern，以及时刻词2015，定位到第二段首句。本句说到us花费了许多的budget，与选项b中的budget原词复现，high是原文more than的同义转化，consume同义替换原文spent。烦扰项a的management是首段末句的人物max moritz的职位；选项c的western states是首段首句的though从句内容，和题干无关，归于答非所问；选项d的infrastructure是原文结束的破折号里such as的内容，两个破折号里边必定不选。

37.【答案】d【解析】本标题为具体细节题。根据题干的要害词a magnifying glass和大写字母moritz定位到第四段第二句，意图就是最终一句。本句说到“to redirect those funds”，基金从头引导，本段首句也提及a huge problem from…public expenditure。正确答案d的guarantee safer spending是对这两句的完全归纳，谈论公共基金非常好的花费疑问。烦扰项a说到fund，但未说raise more，添加无关内容；选项b与原文刚好相反，不是avoid避免；选项c是对原文lower-hazard parts of the landscape的掉包概念。

38.【答案】c【解析】本题是文中人物观念的细节题。根据题干的要害词climate is a key element及大写字母moritz定位到第7段的内容。本句中moritz说到“should not come at the expense of the equation”，不以对等的价值而来。正确答案a中的不大约无视其他要素是对本句的同义转化与归纳。烦扰项a的public debates来自第6段的the focus但未提及settle的论题，也非本题定位句；烦扰项b的conditions是第6段的最终一句conditions that worsen fires，掉包动词worsen与improving；选项d的a shift in the view of是呈如今第五段，时态差错，原文是would require，选项是has taken place。

39.【答案】d【解析】本标题为缘由细节题。根据题干要害词simplified view moritz定位到第8段的首句，“the human systems and the landscapes… are linked and the interactions go both ways”,人类与环境是相联络的，而且是彼此作用的。正确答案d的interactions是原文的原词复现，man and nature同义替换原文的human… and landscapes。烦扰项a原文未提及；选项b的human systems是原词，可是并无mechanism掉包概念；选项c的landscape和human是原词呈现，但添加无关信息maximize。

40.【答案】b【解析】本标题为文中人物观念的细节题。根据题干的大写字母professor balch和fire，man定位到最终一段的最终一句，“important to understand…human connection with fire”，人与火之间的联络。正确答案b的意思是达到协议，契合原文。烦扰项a的do away with是扔掉；选项c的pay a price for是付出价值；选项d的keep away from远离。

41.根据题干人名jay 定位文中“they’re harder to find and they have job offers,”他们很难发现他们有作业聘请。harder对应选项 stiff(困难地)

42.根据题干人名jason stenquist对应文中“i love working with tools. i love creating,” he says.我爱与东西打交道，我喜爱立异，tool对应选项tool

43.根据题干人名birgit klohs，定位文中“remember their father and mother both were laid off. they blame it on the manufacturing recession,”记住他们的父亲母亲都下岗了，他们归因于出产惨白。文中blame对应选项blame

44.根据人名rob spohr,对应文中 the gap is between the jobs that take no skills and those that require a lot of skill,” says rob spohr, 作业之间的间隔是那个不需要技能，而那些需要许多技能。文中skill对应选项skill（技能）

45.题干问julie的观念，对应文中“we’ve never had so much attention from manufacturers.”我从没有得到过这么多来克己造商的留心，attraction对应选项attract（招引）

52. directions:

write your essay on answer sheet. (15 points)

you should

1) interpret the chart, and

2) give your comments.

you should write about 150 words on the answer sheet. (15points)

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