原标题：常耀信《美国文学简史》考研真题笔记网课视频课程——方才学习网

常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）网授精讲班【教材精讲+考研真题串讲】
常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）笔记和考研真题详解
常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）全套材料【教材＋笔记＋题库＋视频】
常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）配套题库【章节题库（含名校考研真题）＋仿照试题】

无缺版在线观看出自： 方才学习网

无缺版在线观看出自： 方才学习网
常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）网授精讲班【共30课时】

序号 称号 课时

1 chapter 1　colonial america 00:39:58

2 chapter 2　edwards ? franklin ? crevecoeur 00:19:23

3 chapter 3　american romanticism ? irving ? cooper 00:50:42

4 chapter 4　new england ranscendentalism ? emerson ? thoreau 00:41:27

第1章　殖民地时期的美国

1.1　温习笔记

i. american puritanism（美国清教主义）

the settlement of north american continent by the english began in the early part of the seventeenth century. the first permanent english settlement in north america was established at jamestown, virginia in 1607. in 1620, the ship mayflower carried about one hundred pilgrims arrived at plymouth, massachusetts. the first settlers in america were quite a few of them puritans. they came to america out of various reasons. they carried with them american puritanism which took root in the new world and became the most enduring shaping influence in american thought and american literature.

英国向北美的移民活动初步于17世纪上半叶。英国于1607年在北美树立了第一个耐久性海外殖民区：弗吉尼亚州的詹姆斯敦。1620年“五月花”号载运100余名移民抵达马萨诸塞州的普利茅斯。许多美国前期的移民是清教徒，他们出于多种缘由来到美国。他们崇奉的清教主义后来在新大陆生根发芽，并对美国思维和美国文学发生了根深柢固的影响。

1．doctrines of puritanism（清教主义的教义）

the puritans accepted the doctrine predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement (or the salvation of a selected few), which theologian john calvin had preached.

清教徒崇奉神学家约翰·加尔文宣传的预设结论，原罪，完全的蜕化，有捆绑的救赎等神学主张。

2．the influence of puritanism on american literature（清教主义对美国文学的影响）

(1) the idealism of puritan had exerted a great influence on american writers.

it is a common place that american literature—or anglo-american literature—is based on a myth, that is, the biblical myth of the garden of eden. this literature is in good measure a literary expression of the pious idealism of the american puritan bequest. the puritan dreamed of living under a perfect order and worked with courage and hope toward building a new garden of eden in america, where man could at long last live the way he should. fired with such a sense of mission, the puritan looked upon even the worst of life in the face with a tremendous amount of optimism. all this went, in due time, into the making of american literature. the spirit of optimism burst into the pages of so many american authors.

(2) the american puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chiefly instrumental in calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly american.

puritan doctrine and literary practice contributed to no small extent to the development of an indigenous symbolism. to the pious puritan the physical phenomenal world was nothing but a symbol of god. every passage of life, en-meshed in the vast context of god’s plan, possessed a delegated meaning. it is impossible to overlook the very symbolizing process that was constantly at work in puritan minds. this process became, in time, part of the intellectual tradition in which american authors were brought up along with their people. for jonathan edwards, emerson, hawthorne, melville, howells and many others, symbolism as a technique has become a common practice. this peculiar mode of perception was an essential part of their upbringing.

(3) with regard to technique, the simplicity which characterize the puritan style of writing greatly influenced the american literature.

the style of the writing of the puritan writers is fresh, simple and direct; the rhetoric is plain and honest, not without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the bible. all this left an indelible imprint on american writing.

(1) 清教徒的抱负主义对美国作家的文学创造发生了深远的影响。

从全体来看，美国文学——至少是白人的美国文学——是建筑在《圣经》伊甸园神话基础上的文学。在很大程度上，它是美国清教主义遗产——忠诚抱负主义的一种文学方法。清教徒愿望着日子在一种完善的次序之下，怀着勇气和期望在美国树立新的伊甸园，以使得他们能究竟过上抱负的日子。在这种使命感的煽动下，他们面临困难艰险却充溢旷达主义心境。这些都变成美国文学发生打开的重要补养。旷达主义充溢在许多美国作家的作品里。

(2) 美国清教徒形象地调查事物的方法致使了具有典型美国文学特征的标志主义的发生。

清教神学和清教徒的文学实习是美国本乡标志主义打开的首要缘由。在忠诚的清教徒看来，实际的大千世界只是天主的标志而已。日子中的悉数表象都是天主意图的构成有些和具体体现。很简略发现这种在清教徒思维中常常发生的标志进程。跟着时刻的推移，这一进程便变成美国公民和作家赖以生长的文明传统的一有些。乔纳森·爱德华兹，爱默生，霍桑，麦尔维尔来说，标志主义已变成一种常用的技巧。清教徒这种一起的调查世界的方法是他们所受教育的一个根柢构成有些。

(3) 在写作技巧方面，清教徒作品的朴素无华也深化地影响了美国文学。

清教徒作家的写个性格是言语新鲜、简略、直接；修辞俭朴、诚挚，带有圣经直接影响下的尊贵气质。这些都给美国文学留下了耐久的印迹。

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第一有些　章节题库（含名校考研真题）

第1章　殖民地时期的美国

i. fill in the blanks.

1．hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety, these were the _____ values that dominated much of the early american writing.

【答案】

puritan

查看答案

【解析】

清教主义，来历于英国，在北美殖民地得以实习与打开。清教徒偏重艰苦斗争、节俭节约、忠诚和淡泊。这些价值观也影响了前期的美国文学。

2．the most enduring shaping influence in american thought and american literature was _____.

【答案】

american puritanism

查看答案

【解析】

美国文明源于清教文明，由清教徒移民时传入北美。美国干流价值观都可以追溯到殖民地时期统一全国的清教主义，而且清教思维对美国文学有着根深柢固的影响。

3．the term “puritan” was applied to those settlers who originally were devout members of the church of _____.

【答案】

england

查看答案

【解析】

清教徒（puritan），是指需求铲除英国国教church of england中天主教剩下的变革派。其字词于16世纪60年代初步运用，源于拉丁文的purus，意为“清洗”。

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