壮麟言语学教程第5版考研真题及章节题库简介：
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材料全称：胡壮麟《言语学教程》（第5版）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】
壮麟言语学教程第5版考研真题及章节题库摘抄：
填空题
1 chomsky proposes that the course of language acquisition is determined by a（n） language faculty. [中山大学2021研]
【答案】 innate
【解析】乔姆斯基认为言语习得的进程是由人的内在言语机制抉择的。

2 refers to the role language plays in communication （e.g. to express ideas， attitudes） or in particular social situations （e.g. religious， legal）.北二外2016研
【答案】 function
壮麟言语学教程第5版考研真题及章节题库【解析】
本题查询言语学中对“言语的功用的界说。功用指的是言语在交流中（例如表旷达点、情绪）或在特定交际场合（如宗教、法令）中所起的作用。

3 human language is arbitrary. this refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and theit is associated with.[人大2007研]
【答案】 meaning
【解析】索绪尔认为符号的方法或声响与其意义之间没有逻辑联络，所以两者之间的联络是任意的。

4 some sentences do not describe things. they cannot be said to be true or false. the utterance
of these sentences is or is a part of the doing of an action. they are called[大连外国语学院2008研]
【答案】 performative
【解析】施为句是用来干事的，既不陈述实际，也不描绘情况，且不能验证其真假。

5 phonetics is the study ofsounds that the human voice is capable of creating whereas phonology is the study of a subset of those sounds that constitute language and meaning.[北京邮电大学2015研]
【答案】 speech
壮麟言语学教程第5版考研真题及章节题库【解析】本题查询语音学和音系学的意义。语音学研讨语音的发生、传递和感知。音系学研讨的是言语的语音体系。换句?担粝笛а刑值氖撬祷叭宋泶镆庖宥逑档匮≡裼镆舻陌旆ā?br>

5 a principal distinction between morphology and syntax is that the former is concerned with the internal composition of a word， whereas the latter is concerned withof words.[中山大学2021研
【答案】 combinations
【解析】 morphology is concerned with the internal organization of words. it studies the minima
units of meaning-morphemes and word-formation processes. syntax is the study of the tules
governing the ways different constituents are combined to form sentences in a language， or the
study of the interrelationships between elements in sentence structure.

6 one of the important distinctions in linguistics isand performance.[人大2006研
【答案】 competence
【解析】言语才能指抱负的言语运用者关于言语规则的言语常识，言语使用指言语交际中关于
言语规则常识的实践运用。

7 when a word appears in a variety of forms depending on its grammatical role in the sentence
we say that it undergoes [中山大学2021研
【答案】 inflection
【解析】曲折改变是指经过添加屈折词缀，如数，人称，限制性，体和格等来标明某词语法关
系的改变。

8 is said of the study of development of language and languages over time.[北二外2016研
【答案】 diachronic
【解析】本题查询历时性的界说。言语的历时性指言语随时刻的连续而引发的改变。言语的历
时性是相关于言语的共时性而言的，共时性言语学是研讨理论上处于一个时点的言语，描绘
言语的一个“状况”，不管正在发生哪些改变。

9 when air is forced out of the lungs， it causes the to vibrate 中山大学2021研]
【答案】 vocal folds
壮麟言语学教程第5版考研真题及章节题库【解析】
语音发生是以气流为能量来历的。在大大都情况下，气流源自肺部，气流从肺中压出，致使声带的振荡。

10 ?is the study of speech sounds that the human voice is capable of creating whereas
phonology is the study of a subset of those sounds that constitute language and meaning. the
first focuses on chaos while the s

econd focuses on order.北京邮电大学2016研]
【答案】 phonetics
【解析】本题查询语音学和音系学的意义。语音学研讨语音的发生、传递和感知。音系学研讨
的是言语的语音体系。换句?担粝笛а刑值氖撬祷叭宋泶镆庖宥逑档匮≡裼镆舻姆?br>
法。

11 when language is used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather
than exchanging information or ideas， its function isfunction.[北二外2015研]
【答案】 phatic
【解析】本题查询言语的问长问短功用。问长问短功用是言语最根柢的一项功用。我们用问长问短语来营建
一种气氛或坚持社会联络而非交流信息。我们运用问长问短语就是为了陡峭说话两边的联络，同
时使说话两边从心思上得到满足。

12 language is a form of human communication by means of a system ofprincipally transmitted by vocal sounds.[中山大学2021研]
【答案】 symbols
【解析】 language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.

13 syntax is the study of how words combine to make sentences. the order of words in sentences varies from language to language. english language， for instance， generally follows a order， as in the sentence [北京邮电大学2016研]
【答案】 svo
【解析】本题查询英语句子的语序。英语句子的根柢语序是主谓宾规划。

14 in terms of the meaning expressed by words， they can be classified into words and words.南开大学2007研]
【答案】 lexical， grammatical
【解析】从词所表达的意义区别，词可分为词汇词和语法词。

15is the name for oppositeness relation.[北二外2015研]
【答案】 antonymy
壮麟言语学教程第5版考研真题及章节题库【解析】
本题查询反义的语义联络。反义联络就是相反的语义联络。

16 swiss linguist ferdinand de saussure （1857-1913） was the first to notice the complexities
oflanguage. he believed that language is a system of signs. to communicate ideas，must be part of a system of signs， called conventions. he held that the sign is the union of the and the signified.[北京邮电大学2015研]
【答案】 sounds， signifier
【解析】本题查询关于言语作为符号体系的观念。他认为言语是一个符号体系，声响只需作为
该符号体系的一有些才干被视作言语。符号包括两方面，能指和所指。

17 is the ability of language to refer to contexts removed from the speakers immediate situation.[北二外2016研
【答案】 displacement
【解析】本题查询言语本质特征的移位性。移位性指的是就内容或许思维的表达来讲，人类语
言的运用是不受时空捆绑的，可以用于触及真实的或许愿望的，曩昔的、如今的或将来的事
情。这不一样于动物。

18 the most serious defect concerns the use of semantic markers like （human） and （male）
which， more usually called semantic components are elements of an artificial 北京邮电大
学2014研]
【答案】 metalanguage
壮麟言语学教程第5版考研真题及章节题库【解析】
本题查询成分分析的坏处。经过语义特征来进行成分分析的一大坏处是这些意义特征运用的是人工化的元言语，元言语本身的意义也需进一步说明。