??葡萄酒一向以来都是我们餐桌上的重要饮品，不管是清新的干白酒仍是甜美的干红酒，千百年来都深受等待，摇晃在我们的舌尖上。用来酿酒的葡萄深受气候条件影响，只需当气温、光照、降水等气候条件都适可而止时，才干收成优质的材料。而跟着气候不断改变，世界葡萄酒出产区域和口感正在悄然发生改变。

climate change is affecting wine flavours

气候改变正在影响葡萄酒的口味

british bubbly is getting easier to make; french grapes are threatened

英国的香槟酒正在鼓起：法国的葡萄酒正在走向式微

in the foothills of chianti classico in central italy, elena lapini and her husband make their way down neat rows of grapevines and inspect their fruit. the grapes are?ripening?too fast under the?blistering?sun.?

介意大利中部经典基安蒂产区的山脚下，埃琳娜·拉皮尼和她的丈夫沿着一排排规整的葡萄藤走下来，查看着藤上的果实。葡萄在酷日下熟得太马上。

too much bronzing on the vine and they will wither into raisins, turning the wine into a?syrupy, unpleasant blend. getting the harvest date right is crucial for this reason, mrs lapini says. but climate change is making it increasingly hard.

熟过了的葡萄就会干枯，变成葡萄干，由其酿造而成的葡萄酒会构成一种糖浆状的令人不快的混合物。拉皮尼说，因而断定正确的收成日期至关重要。但气候改变正使其变得越来越困难。

an analysis of harvest dates going back to 1354 from burgundy in france found that air temperatures have increased so much that grapes are now harvested two weeks earlier than in medieval times. higher peak temperatures have become the norm, with the biggest jump over the past 30 years.?

一项对法国勃艮第区域1354年葡萄收成日期的研讨发现，因为气温上升太快，如今葡萄的收成时刻比中世纪提前了两周。更高的峰值温度现已变成常态，气温的跃升已达曩昔30年之最。

elizabeth wolkovich, a biologist at the university of british columbia researching the impact of climate change on vineyards, says rising temperatures are also changing the taste of wine itself.

不列颠哥伦比亚大学研讨气候改变对葡萄园影响的生物学家伊丽莎白·沃尔科维奇标明，气温的上升也在改动葡萄酒本身的味道。

for some cooler regions, warming conditions have allowed winemakers to grow more flavourful berries and enjoy longer growing seasons. germany, best known for its riesling white wines, has become more favourable to the heat-loving grapes used to make reds like pinot noir.?

在一些较冷的区域，气候变暖使得酿酒师可以栽培更多口味的浆果，并享受更长的生长时节。以雷司令白葡萄酒出名的德国如今越来越喜爱用喜热的葡萄酿造黑比诺等红酒。

parts of rain-sodden britain now have the perfect climate to make sparkling wines, giving british bubbly from kent and sussex a fair fight against french champagne. but warmer places like france, italy and spain have had a rotten deal. ripening grapes at a higher temperature means more sugar and less acid in the berry, making high-alcohol, honey-like wines.

如今，英国有些区域变得雨水充分，气候适合酿造起泡酒，这让来自肯特郡和苏塞克斯郡的英国起泡酒可以与法国香槟打开竞赛。可是在法国、意大利和西班牙这样温暖的当地，情况则有些糟糕。葡萄在更高的温度下老到，这意味着其间的糖分更多，酸分更少，然后酿造出蜂蜜般的高酒精葡萄酒。

climate change is threatening the world’s wine supply, not just the wines’ flavour. in april producers in italy and france found themselves lighting thousands of bucket-sized candles to warm the air and ward off a killer frost that threatened to destroy buds emerging with the first warm spells of spring.?

气候改变正在挟制着世界葡萄酒的供给，而不单单是葡萄酒的味道。本年4月，意大利和法国的出产商点着了数千根水桶巨细的蜡烛，以温暖空气，抵挡丧命的霜冻，这种霜冻可以会摧毁春天第一个温暖期呈现的花蕾。

it wasn’t enough. in some regions the frost wiped out 90% of the crop, resulting in an estimated 2bn loss. french officials described it as “probably the greatest agricultural catastrophe of the beginning of the 21st century”.

这还不可。在一些区域，霜冻摧毁了90%的农作物，构成大约20亿欧元的丢掉。法国官员认为?伤?1世纪初最大的一场农业灾害”。

scientists concluded that the plants were coaxed to bud early by record-breaking temperatures in march. this made the chilly nights of early april particularly damaging. climate change may make such events more common.

科学家得出的结论是，本年3月创纪录的高温促进这些植物提前发芽。这使得4月初的寒夜分外具有损坏

性。气候改变可以会使此类作业愈加广泛。

some regions are better dressed for the weather; 51% of europe’s shrublands are vulnerable, compared with just 7% in north america. part of the problem is that european species are not well-adjusted to a warming world.?

有些区域的气候愈加适合；51%的欧洲灌木丛易受损坏，而北美这一比例仅为7%。有些疑问在于欧洲物种没有极好地习气全球变暖。

they bud early, quickly reacting to warming air temperatures only to die once they suddenly drop. north america, by contrast, harbours cautious species with adaptive strategies. they do not bud until they have experienced a sufficiently long winter, regardless of short warm spells in spring.

它们发芽很早，对变暖的气温反应灵敏，但一旦气温骤降，它们就会死去。比较之下，北美区域的葡萄品种更具习气性。它们只需在阅历了一个满足长的冬天之后才会发芽，不管春天的温暖期有多短。

geographical differences help explain why. with no east-west mountain ranges in north america, warm air from the gulf of mexico and cold air from arctic regions move freely across the continent, creating large fluctuations in temperature over short time periods.?

地舆差异有助于说明其间的缘由。因为北美没有东西走向的山脉，因而来自墨西哥湾的暖空气和来自北极区域的冷空气在整个大陆上安适活动，然后在短时刻内构成了温度的大幅不坚决。

constantin zohner, a biologist at eth zürich, jokes that plants don’t want to take any risks in such an unpredictable climate. european winemakers, he reckons, need to take note and plant more?resilient?and diverse varieties of vine. there is no time to lose.?

苏黎世联邦理工学院的生物学家康斯坦丁·佐纳开玩笑说，植物不想在如此不可以猜测的气候中冒险。他认为，欧洲的酿酒师大约栽培更具弹性、更多样化的葡萄品种。现已没有时刻可以浪费了。

(黑色标示词为重难点词汇)?

这篇文章翻译：vinnie

重难点词汇：

ripen?[?ra?p?n] v. 使老到blistering?[?bl?st?r??] adj. 强烈的；炽热的；极快的

syrupy?[?s?r?pi] adj. 糖浆的

resilient?[r??z?li?nt] adj. 有弹力的；能恢复的

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