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2023.12.13考研英语外刊-“鸦片”危机美国药物致死危机总算有…(2023.12.23是黄道吉日吗)

布景常识
这几年阿片危机愈演愈烈,强生公司多次被告上法庭,在这场危机中,强生公司变成阿片类药物许多成灾这一情况的“最大首恶”。
强生公司不只自个出售两款阿片类药物,芬太尼肌肤贴片多瑞吉(fentanyl patch duragesic)和他喷他多缓释片(nucynta,已停产),甚至还承揽了澳洲塔斯马尼亚的罂粟田,为其他出产阿片类药物的制药公司供给原材料。
多起案子华夏告偏重, 强生多年来也一向在向医生和花费者推广“阿片类药物关于减轻痛苦来说是高效且平安的”。
正文阅览
at last, aconvincingexplanation for america’sdrug-deathcrisis
美国药物致死危机总算有了令人服气的说明
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it is hard tooverstatethe impact of america’sfentanylepidemic. thesyntheticopioidand its close chemicalrelativeswere involved inabout 70% of the country’s 110,000overdosedeaths in 2022. they are now almostcertainlythe biggest killer of americans between the ages of 18 and 49. every 14 monthsor soamerica loses more people to fentanyl than it has lost in all of its warscombinedsincethe second world war, from korea to afghanistan.
美国芬太尼许多的影响怎么说都不为过。2022年,在全国11万人服药过量去世病例中,约70%与这种组成阿片类药物及其化学近亲有关。如今几乎可以必定,它们是18岁至49岁美国人的头号杀手。每14个月支配,美国死于芬太尼的人数就比二战以来一切战争(从朝鲜到阿富汗)的去世人数总和还要多。
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perhaps it seemsoddtolook toeconomicsforinsightsabout how tomanagea crisis which is more naturally thedomainof public health, but economists’ research methods arewell-suitedtoexaminingthe problem. it is thusregrettablethat thedisciplinehas had little to say about fentanyl. areviewof 150 economic studies in 2022 included just two that werefocused onthe drug.
或许从经济学中寻求如何打点危机的见地如同有些新鲜,因为它更自可是然地归于公共清洁领域,但经济学家的研讨办法非常合适研讨这个疑问。由此一来,令人怅惘的是,该学科对芬太尼几乎没有啥研讨。2022年对150项经济研讨的总述中,只需两项是关于该药物的。
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suchinattentioncan be explained by the research timelag. fromidentifyingquestions towriting upfindings to—most painful of all—peer review, it can easily take a decade to go frominchoateidea to published paper.given thatfentanylovertookheroinas the big

gest drug killer in america in 2016, economic research on its spread is only just beginning to arrive. this delay has led to abackward-lookingbiasin discussions of the crisis. research hasconcentrated onearlier waves of america’s opioidaddictions,notablyprescription pillsin the early 2000s and the shift to heroin and otheralternativesin the 2010s.
这种无视可以用研讨的滞后来说明。从发现疑问到撰写研讨成果,再到最苦楚的同行评议,从开始的主意到宣告论文,一不留神就需要十年的时刻。鉴于芬太尼在2016年替代海洛因变成美国最大的毒品杀手,对其传达的经济研讨才刚刚初步。这种滞后致使在谈论危机时呈现了一种后瞻式的倾向。研讨会集在美国前期的阿片类药物成瘾浪潮上,特别是21世纪初的处方药,以及2010年代转向海洛因和其他替代品。
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今日单词
convincing /k?n?v?ns??/ adj. 令人服气的,有说服力的;
drug-death 药物致死;
crisis/?kra?s?s/ n. 危机;
overstate/?o?v?r?ste?t/ vt. 夸大,对…夸大其词;
fentanyl /?fent?n?l/ n. 芬太尼(首要用作止痛剂);
epidemic /?ep??dem?k/ n. 盛行病,感患病;(灵敏的)盛行,延伸;
synthetic /s?n?θet?k/ adj. 组成的,人工的;
opioid /?o?pi??d/ n. 鸦片样物质,类鸦片;
relative /?rel?t?v/ n. 亲属,亲属;同类事物,亲缘动物(或植物);
be involved in 参加,卷进;
overdose/?o?v?rdo?s/ n. 药量过多;(有害物)过量;
certainly /?s??rt(?)nli/ adv. 无疑,断定;当然;
or so 大约,支配;
combined /k?m?ba?nd/ adj. 一起的;总和的,总计的;
the second world war 第次世界大战;
odd /ɑ?d/ adj. 新鲜的,异常的;
look to 期望,盼望,等待;
economics/?i?k??nɑ?m?ks/ n. 经济学;经济情况;
insight/??nsa?t/ n. 深化见地;
manage /?m?n?d?/ vt. 打点,处置;
domain /do??me?n/ n. 领域,规模;
well-suited/wel ?su?t?d/ adj. 便当的;恰当的;
examine/?ɡ?z?m?n/ vt. 查看,检查;
regrettable /r??ɡret?bl/ adj. 令人后悔的,令人怅惘的;
discipline /?d?s?pl?n/ n. 常识领域;(尤指大学的)学科,类别;
review /r??vju?/ n. 述评;回想;评介,谈论;
focus on 专心于,会集于;
inattention /??n??ten?n/ n. 不留心;不尽心;
lag /l?ɡ/ n. (两件事的)时刻间隔,落后
identify /a??dent?fa?/ vt. 招认;发现;
write up 撰写;
peer review 同行评定;
inchoate /?n?ko??t/ adj. 前期的;刚初步的;未充分打开的;
given that 思考到,鉴于;
overtake /?o?v?r?te?k/ vt. 赶上,跨越;(在数量或重要性方面)大于,跨越;
heroin /?hero??n/ n. 海洛因;
backward-looking/?b?kw?rd l?k??/ adj. 后瞻的;回想曩昔的;
bias /?ba??s/ n. 倾向,偏倚;
concentrate on 专心于,会集于;
addiction /??d?k?(?)n/ n. 瘾;入神,嗜好;
notably /?no?t?bli/ adv. 特别,特别;
prescription pill 处方药片;
alternative /??l?t??rn?t?v/ n. 可供选择的事物,替代物;
材料来历
文本选自:the economist(经济学人)
作者:unknown
原文发布时刻:8 dec. 2023
每日美句
“it is never too late to be what you might have been.” – george eliot
“变成你可以变成的人,永久都不嫌晚。” – 乔治·艾略特

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