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no-repeat rgba(191,191,191,0.7);background-size:cover;cursor:pointer!important;}@-webkit-keyframes animation-1yvu044{from{opacity:0;}to{opacity:1;}}@keyframes animation-1yvu044{from{opacity:0;}to{opacity:1;}}我相信看到这篇文章的中医同学们应该都是要准备考研的,知乎上关于中综考研经验贴也有很多,每个人的方法也不尽相同,而且大家的经验都有可取之处,今天我要分享的方法已经在很多人身上试验过,成效很是令人满意,此外,今天有说的不到的问题,大家也可以给我留言,我会及时给大家答复,甚至大家考完研,想要深入学习传统中医也是可以给我留言的,话不多说,直接上硬货。
一、中综复习的顺序
我个人的经验是中基→中诊→中内→针灸,中药与方剂穿插进行。为什么这么安排呢?请大家先看下面这张图:
这张图是关于中综300分的各科目分配图,从中可以看出中基、中诊与中药、方剂的占比是一样的,其中中医内科是占比最高的,为28%,针灸次之,为14%。此外从复习难度上来说,中药与方剂也比中基、中诊、中内、针灸复习的难度大,因为中药与方剂这两门记忆量非常的大,往往需要花费巨大时间,背了忘,忘了背,成效也较低,相比而言中基与中诊花费时间短,而且成效高,所以我的建议是中药与方剂穿插进行,前期每天带着背诵即可。因为中药与方剂和英语单词一样,从考研开始一直到考研结束,是需要一直背诵的。
相比较而言,中基与中诊就容易复习的多了,中基的复习主要是能形成自己的框架,阴阳五行→藏象→精气血津液→经络(与针灸学重复)→体质→病因→病机→养生与防治原则。考研重点考的是阴阳五行、藏象、精气血津液、病因病机、养生与防治原则。所以,大家在复习的时候要有重点,形成自己的一个框架,中基的复习不在话下。
中诊的复习首先是望闻问切四诊,这四诊中以望诊中的舌诊为重点,切诊中的脉诊为重点,其他的知识点考的比较散乱,之后就是各种辨证,其中以脏腑辨证最为重要,脏腑辨证的记忆是有技巧的,我会在下面的中内记忆方法中详细谈到。
在中综考研各科目中,个人认为针灸学是最简单的一门,也是花费时间最少的一门,首先我们复习任何一个科目之前要知道它的考试重点在哪,知己知彼才能百战百胜。在中医考研中,针灸学一方面考察重点就是穴位的主治与针灸治疗,针灸总论中的特定穴以及刺灸法等方面。对于穴位的主治我不知道大家是如何记忆的,因为考研没有规定专门的版本书籍,所以穴位的主治不同的版本不尽相同,这就让大家犯了难,其实仔细观察各版本课本发现,虽然各版本穴位主治不同,但是有一点各版本都是一样的,那就是穴位的特殊作用。所以我记忆针灸穴位主治的方法是先记忆这个穴位归属经脉的主治概要,然后符合经脉主治概要的穴位既可以不用记忆了,我只需要记忆不属于这条经脉主治概要的功效,也就是这个穴位的特殊功效。举例说明:比如肺经的尺泽穴的主治一个是可以用于咳嗽、气喘、咳血等肺疾,还有近治作用用于治疗肘臂挛痛,还有一个特殊作用就是治疗急性吐泻、小儿惊风、中暑等。我们再来看肺经的主治概要:主治咳、喘、咯血、咽喉痛等与肺脏有关的疾患以及经脉循行部位的疾病。
所以,我们记忆穴位的主治可以从一下3个方面去记忆
①穴位所属经脉的主治概要
②近治(局部治疗)作用,每个穴位都有的作用
③特殊作用(不属于穴位所属经脉的主治概要)
下面再讲一下针灸治疗各论的病例题做题步骤
第一步 选经脉←主诉
根据主诉选经脉(脏腑),但是要分两种情况
⒈有局部病变位置的疾病(如腰痛):经脉的选取以经过病变位置的经脉(经脉所过,主治所及)。
⒉无局部病变位置的疾病(如便秘):根据主诉判断疾病所在的脏腑,选取相应脏腑经络即可。
第二步 选主穴←主诉
⒈有局部病变位置的疾病(如腰痛):局部穴位+有特殊主治功效的穴位
其中局部穴位分为阿是穴(没有固定名称的穴位)和有名称的穴位。
⒉无局部病变位置的疾病(如便秘):经验取穴。
第三步 选配穴←辨证(确定证型)+对症(主诉以外的症状)
关于有特殊功效的穴位,我已经给大家整理好了,需要的朋友可以收藏。
下面就是中医内科学的复习,说句实话,中医内科学虽然占比很大,但是他却很容易得满分,也许很多人觉得我在吹牛,中内那么多内容,记忆量也挺惊人,怎么容易得满分呢?
下面我就来说一说中内和中诊的复习。中内的考试重点主要是病例题,关于我做病例题的做题方法,我分享给大家。
中内病例题的做题方法和针灸类似。
第一步 根据主诉定病变脏腑
第二步 察舌脉→定虚实寒热(看有没有题眼)
第三步 再结合看其他临床表现
第四步 根据题眼定证型
第五步 根据证型推导治法与方药
以上就是做中内病例题的做题方法。
举例说明,以下是2020年中综真题。
首先根据主诉定脏腑→胃(为什么定胃,这里面用到题眼,有需要的朋友可以留言,分享给大家),再察舌脉,舌红少苔,脉细数→典型的阴虚,再看其他临床表现无特殊题眼,所以证型就定下来了→胃阴虚(胃阴不足证),治法都不需要背,胃阴虚要干嘛?当然要养胃阴,载结合患者痞闷,所以在养胃阴的同时还要除痞,答案是不是一目了然。至于选择什么方剂,这个是需要大家记忆背诵的,这个就是一个记忆的活了。所以65题选c,66题选b,67题选a。
其他中医内科学的考点无非就是病因病机以及并发症和预后,这些就都是记忆的活,但是考试占比不大,只是琐碎,想要考高分的同学还得要好好复习。
下面就是中药与方剂,关于中药的复习,我的建议是多味中药对比记忆,找他们的不同点,这个就是总结归纳的功夫,此外中药学常考点几个点有药物的煎服法(包括包煎、后下、煎汤代水等)、孕妇禁忌药、药物的剂量等,大家还要总结比如具有安胎作用的中药,利咽作用的中药等。也可以用中药快快记等歌诀记忆也是不错的选择。
方剂的复习我的建议是背歌诀,因为我当初学习这门课的时候,老师让我们背歌诀。对于歌诀你可以改编,把君药放到歌诀的第一句话的第一个中药,这样你就不用再花时间去记君药,方剂常考点有药物比例、主治、方剂中某些药物的作用、煎煮法等。
二、参考书籍的选择
对于中综考研的参考书,我只推荐两本,一本是远志医研的《学霸笔记》,一本是《药真题》。《学霸笔记》内容非常全,他几乎综合了各个版本的中综课本。《药真题》把相同知识点的真题总结到一起,对知识点起到了举一反三的作用。此外大家可以用软件做题,比如蓝基因,我觉得挺不错的。
三、关于是否需要报课程辅导班
这个我的建议是根据个人情况来决定,我就不多做解释了,但是我要提一点的是张凤瑞18年的中综网课还是不错的,可能大家觉得18年的课,现在都22、23了,还能管用吗?答案是肯定的,因为考研大纲基本没有太大的变化,所以张老师的课程依然有用,而且老师讲课幽默风趣,让你在复习的同时不觉得枯燥。
四、做真题要趁早
大家做完真题基本就会知道每年考试的重点以及哪题会出什么样的知识点,这样能让我们更有复习的方向,不至于我们复习的时候不知所措,此外对于大纲也要多看看。
以上是我的个人经验分享,还有很多问题不能一一解答,有问题的同学以及需要题眼资料的同学可以留言,我看到第一时间回复和分享给你,祝大家都能考上自己心中理想的院校。
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