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what motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”—— protecting the taxpayer, controlling

spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.
词汇突破

zeal[zi?l]
n. 热情；热心；热诚

claimant[?kle?m?nt]
n. 原告；[贸易] 索赔人；提出要求者

结构分析
本句主干是 what motivated him was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”，其中 what motivated him 为主语从句。we were to understand 为插入语。protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits 为“fundamental fairness”的同位语，其中 that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits 为 ensuring 的宾语从句。
参考译文
我们要明白，他做这些的动机是他对“基本公平”——保护纳税人，控制支出，并确保只有最具资格的申请者收到他们的救济金——的满腔热情。
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