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考研真题及详解

第一部分章节题库（含名校考研真题）

第1章殖民地时期的美国

I. Fill in the blanks.

1．Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety, these were the _____ values that dominated much of the early American writing.

【答案】Puritan

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【解析】清教主义，起源于英国，在北美殖民地得以实践与发展。清教徒强调艰苦奋斗、勤俭节约、虔诚和淡泊。这些价值观也影响了早期的美国文学。

2．The most enduring shaping influence in American thought and American literature was _____.

【答案】American Puritanism

【解析】美国文化源于清教文化，由清教徒移民时传入北美。美国主流价值观都可以追溯到殖民地时期一统天下的清教主义，并且清教思想对美国文学有着根深蒂固的影响。

3．The term “Puritan” was applied to those settlers who originally were devout members of the Church of _____.

【答案】England

【解析】清教徒（Puritan），是指要求清除英国国教Church of England中天主教残余的改革派。其字词于16世纪60年代开始使用，源于拉丁文的Purus，意为“清洁”。

4．Many Puritans wrote verse, but the works of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and _____, rose to the level of real poetry.

【答案】Edward Taylor

【解析】美国殖民时期最著名的诗人是安·布莱德斯特律和爱德华·泰勒。

5．The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America is a collection of poems composed by _____.

【答案】Anne Bradstreet

【解析】安·布莱德斯特律是美国殖民时期著名的诗人。其代表作是诗集《最近在北美出现的第十位缪斯》（The Tenth Muse Late Sprung up in America）。

6．On January 10, 1776, Thomas Paine’s famous pamphlet _____ appeared.

【答案】Common Sense

【解析】1776年美国独立的风潮开始，托马斯·潘恩支持美国独立，反对英国的殖民专政，撰写了他的成名小册子《常识》，为美国从英国殖民中独立出来辩论，批评英国国王残暴无能，认为独立后的美国应该建立共和国。

7．Except Common Sense, Paine’s the other two famous works were _____ and _____.

【答案】The Rights of Man，The Age of Reason

【解析】潘恩著名的作品包括，《常识》、《人的权利》、《理性的时代》。

8．Thomas Paine’s second most important work _____ was an impassioned plea against hereditary monarchy.

【答案】The Rights of Man

【解析】1791年3月，托马斯·潘恩在伦敦出版《人权论》，激烈抨击埃德蒙·伯克（Edmund Burke，1729-1797）的《法国革命感言录》（Reflections on the Revolution in France）（1790）。《人权论》的可贵之处还在于，它冲破了当时笼罩于整个西方思想界对英国君主立宪政体的迷信，深入骨髓地批判了这一政体，给当时还处于摸索状态的法国革命指明了共和主义的崭新方向。

9．Thomas Paine, with his natural gift for pamphleteering and rebellion, was appropriately born into an age of_____.

【答案】Revolution

【解析】潘恩是美国独立革命时期著名的作家之一。

10．Philip Freneau was noteworthy first because of the nature of his poems. They were truly American and very patriotic. In this respect, he reflected the spirit of his age. Therefore, he has been called the “_____ of American Poetry”.

【答案】Father

【解析】菲利普·弗瑞诺是开启美国民主主义的突出代表之一，他被称为“美国诗歌之父。”

11．From 1621 until his death, _____ probably possessed more power than any other colonial governor.

【答案】William Bradford

12．William Bradford’s work _____ consists of two books. The first book deals with the persecutions of the Separatists in Scrooby, England, and the second book describes the signing of the “Compact”.

【答案】Mayflower

13．_____’s best verse is to be found in a series called “Preparatory Meditations”.

14．In the book _____ John Smith wrote that “here nature and liberty afford us that freely which in England we want, or it costs us dearly.”

【答案】A Description

of New England

II. Multiple Choice

1．Early in _____, the English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts started the main stream of the American national history.（北二外2007研）

A. 14th century

B. 15th century

C. 17th century

D. 16th century

【答案】C

【解析】17世纪初，英国人在弗吉尼亚和马萨诸塞定居，这也是美国历史的开端。

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