2013年考研英语二阅览了解第三篇翻译+要点单词汇总
scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.
科学家现已发现:咱们尽管易于做出快速过激反应,可是,假定花点时刻揣度一下咱们可以会做何反应,就可以削减甚至消除快速天性反应的负面影响。
snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. but we need more time to assess other factors. to accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. it takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.
快速抉择计划可所以重要防护机制;假定要判别或人是不是具有风险性,毫秒间咱们的大脑和身体便会天性地快速做出反应。可是,咱们需要更多时刻来判定其他要素。研讨标明:要精确区分或人是不是好交际,咱们至少需要一分钟,五分钟会非常好。想要评判或人道格的凌乱面,如神经过敏或思维开阔,则需要花上一段时刻。
but snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. psychologists at the university of toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. we unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing, subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.
可是,因片刻间影响而做出快速抉择计划并不专归于人际领域。多伦多大学的心思学家发现,即便阅览和进餐没啥联络,但只看几毫秒的快餐标识就会促进咱们将阅览速度加速20%。咱们无知道地将快餐与快速和烦躁联络起来,并将这些激动带就任何一件咱们正在做的作业中。触摸闪烁快餐标识的受试者也一般会认为一首音乐持续时刻太长了。
yet we can reverse such influences. if we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. if we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.
可

是,咱们可以改变这些影响。假定咱们晓得,自个在选择花费品或房子时看见笑脸会做出过度反应(这是优良出售署理和不动产署理老是面带笑脸的理由之一）,就可以在收购之前等一等。假定咱们晓得,女人招聘官更可以回绝有魅力的女求职者,就可以协助招聘官们知道自个的成见——-或是聘请外部招聘官。
john gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. when dr. gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days, not two seconds.
婚姻专家约翰·戈特曼说明说,这些快速反应只需根据对“厚片”信息进行长时刻研讨之后,咱们才干可靠而又快速罗致“薄片”信息。当戈特曼博士真想判定夫妻俩是不是会一起日子时,他会聘请他们去他岛上呆上两天,而非两秒,以进行更长时刻的评价。
our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: dogs can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. but historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. we still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.
经过暂停来减缓天性反应的才能使得咱们有别于动物:狗只能间歇地或是持续几分钟来思考将来。可是,从前史上看来,咱们大约花费12%的时刻来思索更长远。尽管科技可以改动咱们的反应方法，但它还没有改动咱们的天资。咱们仍然具有丰厚的愿望才能，去跨越引诱、改变快速趋向。
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